eSignature legality by country
Is an electronic signature legally binding in your country? Governing laws and validity requirements by jurisdiction.
- United States — ESIGN Act (15 U.S.C. § 7001) + Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (UETA)
- United Kingdom — Electronic Communications Act 2000 + UK eIDAS (Electronic Identification and Trust Services for Electronic Transactions Regulations 2016)
- European Union — Regulation (EU) No 910/2014 (eIDAS)
- Kenya — Kenya Information and Communications Act, 1998 (KICA) + Business Laws (Amendment) Act 2020
- Nigeria — Evidence Act 2011 + Nigerian Communications Act 2003
- India — Information Technology Act 2000 (Sections 3, 3A, 5)
- Australia — Electronic Transactions Act 1999 (Cth) + state ETAs
- Canada — PIPEDA Part 2 + Uniform Electronic Commerce Act (UECA) provincial enactments
- South Africa — Electronic Communications and Transactions Act 25 of 2002 (ECT Act)
- United Arab Emirates — Federal Decree-Law No. 46 of 2021 on Electronic Transactions and Trust Services
- Germany — EU eIDAS Regulation (No 910/2014) + German Civil Code (BGB) §126a + Trust Services Act (VDG)
- France — EU eIDAS Regulation (No 910/2014) + French Civil Code (Code civil) Art. 1366-1367
- Brazil — Provisional Measure (MP) 2.200-2/2001 (ICP-Brasil) + Law No. 14.063/2020
- Singapore — Electronic Transactions Act 2010 (ETA)
- Mexico — Código de Comercio (Title II, Electronic Commerce) + NOM-151-SCFI-2016 + Ley de Firma Electrónica Avanzada
- Japan — Act on Electronic Signatures and Certification Business (Act No. 102 of 2000, in force 2001)
- Ghana — Electronic Transactions Act 2008 (Act 772)
- Saudi Arabia — Electronic Transactions Law 2007 (Royal Decree No. M/18)
- Philippines — Electronic Commerce Act of 2000 (Republic Act No. 8792)
- China — Electronic Signature Law of the People's Republic of China (2004, amended 2015, 2019)
- New Zealand — Contract and Commercial Law Act 2017 (Part 4), replacing the Electronic Transactions Act 2002
- Egypt — E-Signature Law No. 15 of 2004 (and its Executive Regulations)